Postpartum Hemorrhage Pelvic Angiography Cost in India

Factors Affecting Cost of Pelvic Angiography for Partum Hemor

Several factors influence the cost of pelvic angiography for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), making it essential for patients to understand and consider these factors when planning for treatment.

• Hospital or Medical Center: The choice of hospital or medical center where the pelvic angiography is performed significantly impacts the cost. Facilities with state-of-the-art equipment, experienced medical staff, and high-quality amenities may charge higher fees.
• Type of Angiography: The specific type of angiography performed, whether diagnostic or therapeutic, can affect the cost. Therapeutic angiography, which involves interventions such as embolization, may incur additional expenses compared to diagnostic angiography.
• Physician's Fee: The fee charged by the interventional radiologist or healthcare provider performing the pelvic angiography varies based on their expertise, reputation, and geographical location. Physicians with extensive experience in angiography procedures may command higher fees.
• Anesthesia: The type of anesthesia used during pelvic angiography affects costs. General anesthesia, which renders the patient unconscious, is typically more expensive than local or regional anesthesia.
• Additional Services: Additional services such as pre-procedure consultations, post-procedure care, medications, and imaging studies may contribute to the overall cost of pelvic angiography. Patients should inquire about any additional fees or services not included in the initial estimate.

By considering these factors, patients can anticipate the total cost of pelvic angiography for PPH and make informed decisions regarding their healthcare finances. Consulting with healthcare providers and insurance companies can provide further clarity on pricing and coverage options.

How Patients are Selected for the Procedure? 

The selection of patients for pelvic angiography for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) involves a careful assessment by a multidisciplinary team, including obstetricians, interventional radiologists, and other healthcare providers. Several key factors are considered when determining eligibility for the procedure:

• Severity of Hemorrhage: Patients with severe or life-threatening PPH, refractory to conservative management measures such as uterotonics or uterine massage, are prime candidates for pelvic angiography. This procedure offers a rapid and targeted approach to identify and control sources of bleeding, potentially saving the patient's life.
• Diagnostic Evaluation: Diagnostic tests such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be performed to assess the cause and extent of the hemorrhage. Imaging findings, along with clinical symptoms and history, guide the decision to proceed with pelvic angiography.
• Hemodynamic Stability: Patients must be hemodynamically stable enough to undergo pelvic angiography safely. This includes adequate blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygenation levels. Unstable patients may require stabilization measures, such as fluid resuscitation or blood transfusion, before proceeding to angiography.
• Ability to Tolerate Procedure: Patients must be able to tolerate the procedure, including anesthesia and catheterization. Any contraindications to angiography, such as allergies to contrast dye or kidney dysfunction, are carefully evaluated.
• Patient Preferences and Goals: Patient preferences and goals of care are essential considerations in selecting candidates for pelvic angiography. Discussions with patients and their families regarding treatment options, risks, and potential outcomes help inform decision-making and ensure alignment with the patient's values and wishes.

By considering these factors, healthcare providers can identify appropriate candidates for pelvic angiography and tailor treatment strategies to optimize outcomes for patients with postpartum hemorrhage.

Diagnostic Tests and Evaluations Performed to Determine the Need for Pelvic Angiography For Post Partum Hemor

Diagnostic tests and evaluations are crucial in determining the need for pelvic angiography in cases of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Healthcare providers utilize various tools and assessments to evaluate the severity, cause, and source of bleeding before recommending pelvic angiography.

• Clinical Assessment: Healthcare providers conduct a thorough clinical assessment, including a review of the patient's medical history, obstetric history, and current symptoms. Clinical signs of PPH, such as excessive bleeding, hypotension, tachycardia, and signs of shock, are carefully evaluated.
• Laboratory Tests: Blood tests, including complete blood count (CBC), coagulation profile, and blood type and crossmatch, are performed to assess hemoglobin levels, platelet count, clotting function, and blood compatibility. Abnormalities in these tests may indicate ongoing bleeding and guide treatment decisions.
• Imaging Studies: Diagnostic imaging modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be utilized to evaluate the uterus, pelvis, and abdominal organs. These imaging studies help identify potential causes of bleeding, such as retained placental tissue, uterine atony, or trauma, and assess the extent of hemorrhage.
• Pelvic Examination: A pelvic examination may be performed to assess uterine tone, evaluate for cervical or vaginal lacerations, and detect any signs of uterine rupture or retained products of conception.
• Hemodynamic Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and urine output, helps assess the patient's hemodynamic status and response to interventions. Signs of hemodynamic instability may indicate the need for urgent intervention such as pelvic angiography.

By integrating findings from these diagnostic tests and evaluations, healthcare providers can determine the need for pelvic angiography and guide timely and appropriate interventions to manage postpartum hemorrhage effectively.

Risks and Benefits Associated with the Chosen Pelvic Angiography For Post Partum Hemor

Pelvic angiography for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) offers both risks and benefits that must be carefully considered by healthcare providers and patients before proceeding with the procedure.

Benefits of Pelvic Angiography For Post Partum Hemor:

• Rapid Identification of Bleeding Source: Pelvic angiography allows for rapid and accurate identification of the source of bleeding in cases of PPH. By visualizing the pelvic vasculature and selectively catheterizing arteries, healthcare providers can pinpoint the bleeding vessel and guide targeted interventions to control hemorrhage effectively.
• Minimally Invasive: Pelvic angiography is a minimally invasive procedure performed under local anesthesia or conscious sedation. Compared to open surgical approaches, angiography minimizes the risk of surgical complications, reduces recovery time, and allows for quicker post-procedural recovery.
• Preservation of Uterus: Pelvic angiography offers a uterine-sparing approach to managing PPH, preserving the uterus and fertility in women who desire future pregnancies. This is particularly important for young women or those with fertility concerns who wish to avoid hysterectomy.
• High Success Rate: Pelvic angiography has a high success rate in controlling hemorrhage, with reported success rates ranging from 80% to 90%. By effectively blocking the bleeding vessel through embolization or other interventions, pelvic angiography can stabilize the patient's condition and prevent further blood loss.

Risks of Pelvic Angiography For Post Partum Hemor:

• Contrast-Related Complications: The use of contrast dye during pelvic angiography carries a risk of allergic reactions, contrast-induced nephropathy (kidney injury), or contrast extravasation (leakage into surrounding tissues). Patients with pre-existing kidney disease or allergies to contrast dye are at increased risk of complications.
• Vascular Injury: There is a risk of vascular injury during pelvic angiography, including arterial dissection, perforation, or thrombosis. Careful catheter manipulation and expertise in vascular access are essential to minimize these risks.
• Non-target Embolization: During embolization procedures, there is a risk of unintended embolization to non-target vessels, leading to tissue ischemia or infarction. This risk can be mitigated by precise catheter placement and careful selection of embolic agents.
• Infection: Although rare, pelvic angiography carries a risk of infection at the catheter insertion site or within the pelvic vasculature. Strict aseptic technique and post-procedural monitoring help reduce the risk of infection.

The benefits of pelvic angiography in managing PPH, including rapid bleeding control, minimally invasive approach, uterine preservation, and high success rates, generally outweigh the risks associated with the procedure. However, careful patient selection, expertise in procedural techniques, and vigilant post-procedural monitoring are essential to ensure optimal outcomes and minimize complications.

Recovery and Rehabilitation after Pelvic Angiography For Post Partum Hemor

Recovery and rehabilitation after pelvic angiography for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) typically involve several key steps to promote healing and ensure optimal outcomes for patients.

• Immediate Post-Procedure Care: After pelvic angiography, patients are closely monitored in a recovery area for some time to ensure stability and detect any immediate complications. Vital signs, such as blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation, are monitored regularly.
• Pain Management: Patients may experience mild discomfort or pain at the catheter insertion site or in the pelvic region after pelvic angiography. Pain medication, such as over-the-counter analgesics or prescription pain relievers, may be prescribed to alleviate discomfort.
• Activity Restrictions: Patients are typically advised to limit physical activity, including heavy lifting and strenuous exercise, for a specified period following pelvic angiography. Rest and gradual resumption of normal activities are encouraged to allow for proper healing and minimize the risk of complications.
• Incision Care: If groin or wrist arterial access was used for catheter insertion, patients are instructed to keep the insertion site clean and dry to prevent infection. Any signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or drainage, should be reported to healthcare providers promptly.
• Follow-Up Appointments: Patients are scheduled for follow-up appointments with their healthcare providers to assess recovery progress, evaluate the effectiveness of the procedure, and address any concerns or complications. Additional imaging studies or laboratory tests may be ordered as needed to monitor for recurrence of bleeding or other complications.
• Emotional Support: Recovery from PPH and pelvic angiography can be physically and emotionally challenging for patients. Emotional support from healthcare providers, family members, or support groups can help patients cope with feelings of anxiety, stress, or uncertainty during the recovery process.

By following these guidelines and staying in close communication with their healthcare providers, patients can expect a smooth recovery and successful rehabilitation after pelvic angiography for postpartum hemorrhage.

What to Expect After a Pelvic Angiography For Post Partum Hemor?

After undergoing pelvic angiography for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), patients can expect a period of recovery and adjustment as they heal from the procedure and manage the underlying cause of bleeding. Here's what to expect after pelvic angiography for PPH

• Immediate Post-Procedure Care: Following pelvic angiography, patients are typically monitored closely in a recovery area for several hours to ensure stability and detect any immediate complications. Vital signs, such as blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation, are monitored regularly.
• Pain Management: Patients may experience mild discomfort or pain at the catheter insertion site or in the pelvic region after pelvic angiography. Pain medication, such as over-the-counter analgesics or prescription pain relievers, may be prescribed to alleviate discomfort.
• Incision Care: If groin or wrist arterial access was used for catheter insertion, patients are instructed on proper incision care to prevent infection. They should keep the insertion site clean and dry and report any signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or drainage, to healthcare providers promptly.
• Activity Restrictions: Patients are typically advised to limit physical activity, including heavy lifting and strenuous exercise, for a specified period following pelvic angiography. Rest and gradual resumption of normal activities are encouraged to allow for proper healing and minimize the risk of complications.
• Follow-Up Appointments: Patients are scheduled for follow-up appointments with their healthcare providers to assess recovery progress, evaluate the effectiveness of the procedure, and address any concerns or complications. Additional imaging studies or laboratory tests may be ordered as needed to monitor for recurrence of bleeding or other complications.
• Emotional Support: Recovery from PPH and pelvic angiography can be emotionally challenging for patients. Emotional support from healthcare providers, family members, or support groups can help patients cope with feelings of anxiety, stress, or uncertainty during the recovery process.

By following these guidelines and staying in close communication with their healthcare providers, patients can expect a smooth recovery and successful rehabilitation after pelvic angiography for postpartum hemorrhage.

How is Pelvic Angiography For Post Partum Hemor Performed?

Pelvic angiography for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a specialized interventional radiology procedure performed to identify and treat sources of bleeding in the pelvic region following childbirth. Here's an overview of how pelvic angiography is performed

• Preparation: Before the procedure, the patient undergoes a thorough evaluation, including a review of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic imaging such as ultrasound or CT scan to assess the cause and extent of the hemorrhage. Blood tests may also be performed to evaluate clotting function and assess overall health status.
• Anesthesia: Pelvic angiography is typically performed under conscious sedation or local anesthesia to minimize discomfort during the procedure. In some cases, general anesthesia may be used, particularly if the patient prefers to be asleep during the procedure.
• Access: The interventional radiologist inserts a thin, flexible catheter into an artery, usually in the groin or wrist, under fluoroscopic guidance. The catheter is carefully navigated through the arterial system until it reaches the pelvic vessels supplying blood to the uterus and surrounding structures.
• Contrast Injection: Once the catheter is in position, contrast dye is injected through the catheter into the pelvic arteries. The contrast dye helps visualize the blood vessels and identify any areas of abnormal blood flow or bleeding.
• Imaging: X-ray imaging, known as fluoroscopy, is used to monitor the movement of the contrast dye within the blood vessels in real time. This allows the interventional radiologist to identify the source of bleeding and assess the vascular anatomy of the pelvis.
• Intervention: Depending on the findings of the diagnostic angiogram, therapeutic interventions may be performed to stop the bleeding. The most common intervention for PPH is pelvic embolization, where embolic agents such as coils or particles are injected through the catheter to block blood flow to the bleeding vessels. Other interventions, such as angioplasty or stent placement, may be performed if needed.
• Post-Procedure Monitoring: After the procedure, the patient is monitored closely for some time to ensure stability and detect any immediate complications. Vital signs are monitored, and any post-procedure discomfort or complications are managed by the healthcare team.

Pelvic angiography is a minimally invasive and highly effective procedure for diagnosing and treating postpartum hemorrhage by precisely identifying the source of bleeding and providing targeted interventions to stop the hemorrhage and stabilize the patient's condition.